On March 11, 2024, the Swiss air quality technology company IQ Air released its air quality report, revealing that India ranks 5th among the world's most polluted countries. The report also highlights that 13 of the 20 most polluted cities in the world are in India, with Baghmara in Meghalaya topping the list. Delhi continues to be the most polluted capital city in the world.

India's Pollution Improvement

In the report, India has dropped from the 3rd position it held in 2023 to 5th in 2024, indicating some improvements in pollution levels. The report mentions a 7% reduction in PM 2.5 levels in India in 2024 compared to the previous year. PM 2.5 levels in 2024 averaged 50.6 micrograms per cubic meter, down from 54.4 in 2023. However, six of the world’s top 10 most polluted cities are still in India, with Delhi’s PM 2.5 levels remaining alarmingly high at 91.6 micrograms per cubic meter.

Oceania: The Cleanest Region

Oceania was reported as the cleanest region in the world in 2024. 57% of its cities meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines. Countries like Australia, New Zealand, and others in the region have significantly cleaner air compared to other parts of the world.

PM2.5 Levels and Public Health

The report further highlights that in India, 35% of cities have PM 2.5 levels that are 10 times higher than the WHO’s recommended levels. This poor air quality is causing a significant health risk, with life expectancy in India decreasing by about 5.2 years. From 2009 to 2019, approximately 1.5 million deaths occurred annually in India due to PM 2.5 pollution.

What is PM 2.5?

PM 2.5 refers to tiny particles that are smaller than 2.5 microns in diameter. These particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, causing breathing difficulties, heart disease, and even cancer. Major sources of PM 2.5 include emissions from vehicles, industries, and the burning of wood and crop residues.